Datasets
R&D Expenditure and Intensity Anchors
Dated Singapore GERD, BERD, PUBERD, GDP-denominator intensity, and R&D manpower anchors from the National Survey of RIE 2023, kept separate from multi-year RIE budget envelopes.
R&D Expenditure and Intensity Anchors
Use these rows only with the stated reference year, unit, and denominator. Figures are intramural science-and-technology R&D from the National Survey of RIE (excludes social sciences and humanities). They are not RIE plan envelopes. Narrative interpretation lives in rd statistics; A*STAR institute identity lives in astar research entities and astar and public research.
Headline expenditure — reference year 2023
| Metric | Value | Denominator / notes | As of (reference year) |
|---|---|---|---|
| GERD | S$13,746.9 million | National intramural R&D (BERD + PUBERD) | 2023 |
| GERD (prior year) | S$12,676.2 million | Same survey vintage comparison | 2022 |
| GDP at current market prices (survey vintage) | S$678.7 billion | DOS extract cited in survey (Dec 2025 extract) | 2023 |
| GDP at current market prices (survey vintage) | S$701.8 billion | DOS extract cited in survey | 2022 |
| GERD / GDP | 2.0% | GERD ÷ GDP above | 2023 |
| GERD / GDP | 1.8% | GERD ÷ GDP above | 2022 |
| BERD | S$8,956.0 million | Private-sector intramural R&D; 1,030 companies | 2023 |
| BERD / GDP | 1.3% | BERD ÷ 2023 GDP above | 2023 |
| PUBERD | S$4,790.9 million | Public institutions (60 organisations) | 2023 |
| PUBERD / GDP | 0.7% | PUBERD ÷ 2023 GDP above | 2023 |
| BERD / PUBERD ratio | 1.87 | Business S$ per S$1 public research | 2023 |
Source: A*STAR National Survey of RIE — latest issue: National Survey of RIE 2023, accessed 11 August 2026.
Manpower and researcher intensity — reference year 2023
| Metric | Value | Population / denominator | As of |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total R&D manpower (headcount) | 61,693 | Researchers, FPGRS, technicians, support staff | 2023 |
| RSEs (degree researchers, excl. FPGRS) | 44,368 | 71.9% of R&D jobs in survey framing | 2023 |
| Researchers including FPGRS | 53,317 | Headcount | 2023 |
| Researcher FTEs | 50,345 | Full-time equivalence | 2023 |
| Labour force | 3.94 million | Survey-stated labour force | 2023 |
| Researcher intensity | 12.8 FTEs per 1,000 labour force | Researcher FTEs ÷ labour force × 1,000 | 2023 |
| Citizen + PR RSEs | 31,674 | RSE headcount | 2023 |
| Foreign (non-PR) RSEs | 12,694 | RSE headcount | 2023 |
| Female RSEs | 14,222 (32.1% of RSEs) | RSE headcount | 2023 |
Source: A*STAR National Survey of RIE — latest issue: National Survey of RIE 2023, accessed 11 August 2026. Do not equate headcount with FTE.
Contrast anchors — RIE envelope (not GERD)
| Concept | Dated value | What it measures | What it is not |
|---|---|---|---|
| RIE2030 government commitment | S$37 billion over five years from April 2026 (~1% of GDP as stated at launch) | Multi-year public RIE funding envelope announced 5 Dec 2025 | Calendar-year GERD; private BERD; A*STAR-only budget |
| GERD 2023 | S$13,746.9 million (2.0% of GDP in survey vintage) | Intramural R&D performed in Singapore in 2023 | The RIE2030 five-year envelope |
Sources: PMO RIE2030 launch, 5 Dec 2025; A*STAR National Survey of RIE — latest issue: National Survey of RIE 2023, accessed 11 August 2026.
Retrieval guardrails
- Always state the reference year (currently 2023 for the latest survey issue as of 8 Aug 2026).
- Intensity needs an explicit GDP or labour-force denominator; do not quote “2%” without GERD/GDP and year.
- Survey scope is S&T R&D; social sciences and humanities are excluded.
- Redistributed SingStat / data.gov.sg tables may lag the survey PDF (data.gov.sg series).
- Never treat GERD as equal to an RIE plan total or as A*STAR's budget alone.
Record details
- Also known as
- ["GERD Singapore","BERD Singapore","PUBERD","R&D intensity","National Survey of RIE 2023"]
- Jurisdiction
- SG
- What each row represents
- one dated GERD/BERD/PUBERD, intensity denominator, manpower, or RIE-envelope contrast anchor
- Update cadence
- after each National Survey of RIE release or RIE plan announcement
- Source format
- markdown
Dates describe this record’s own period and applicability. A verification date does not mean a rule is currently in force.
Sources
- A*STAR — National Survey of RIE Accessed 2026-08-11
- data.gov.sg — Research and Development Expenditure by Type of Costs and Institutional Sector, Annual Accessed 2026-08-08
- PMO — Speech at launch of Research, Innovation, Enterprise 2030 Plan (5 Dec 2025) Accessed 2026-08-08
Collection as of 2026-10-07 · An expanding collection. Published counts show available knowledge, not complete coverage of Singapore.